What is Butt Welding Pipe Fitting ?

- A butt welding pipe fitting means the a pipe fitting which has the connecting end for butt welding. 

- The butt welding pipe fittings are used to connect with pipes or fittings with a same size and same schedule butt welding ends.The ends of the butt welding pipe fittings are plain ends or bevel ends.Commonly the butt welding pipe fittings includes elbows,tees,reducers,caps,paddles,stub ends,crosses,hot induction bends.

- Butt welding Fittings are normally used for pipe sizes 2″ and above. In ASME B16.9, Long Radius Elbows, 3D Bends, Straight Tees and Crosses, Reducing Tees and Crosses, Caps and Reducers are available upto 48″. In ASME B16.9, Short radius elbows, Long Radius Returns, Short Radius Returns, Lap joint stub ends are available upto 24″ They are Factory Made Wrought Steel Fittings. (Worked).

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Standards of Butt Welding Fittings

• ANSI Standard of USA:

+ Butt welding pipe fittings technical requirements are specified in the standard ASME/ANSI B16.9,including all the types of pipe fittings.

• ASME Standard of USA:

+ ASME B16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings

+ ASME B16.28 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns

+ ASME B16.25 Buttwelding Ends

+ ASME B16.49

• ASTM Standard of USA:

+ ASTM A234 Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature

+ ASTM A860 Wrought High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Butt-Welding Fittings

+ ASTM A420 Piping Fittings of  Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service

+ ASTM A403 Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings

+ ASTM A960 Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings

• EN Standard of England:

+ It is EN10253 standard for the butt welding pipe fittings.

• JIS Standard of Japan:

+ JIS B2311

+ JIS B2312

+ JIS B2313

• DIN Standard of Germany:

+ DIN 2605-1 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings:Elbows and bends with reduced pressure factor

+ DIN 2605-2 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings:Elbows and bends for use at full service pressure

+ DIN 2615-1 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings:Tees with reduced pressure factor

+ DIN 2615-2 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings:Tees for use at full service pressure

+ DIN 2616-1 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings:Eccentric reducers with reduced pressure factor

+ DIN 2616-2 Steel butt-welding pipe Reducers for use at full service pressure.

• GB Standard of China:

GB/T12459  Steel butt-welding seamless pipe fittings

GB/T13401 Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings 

• GOST Standard of Russia:

+ Gost 17373

+ Gost 17375

+ Gost 17376

+ Gost 17378

+ Gost 17379 etc.

• MSS Standard :

+ There are also some other standards about butt welding pipe fittings like: MSS SP-43, MSS SP-75

+ MSS SP-43  Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings

+ MSS SP-75 High-Test, Wrought, Butt-Welding Fittings

• Other Standard:

+ SH3408 Steel butt-welding seamless fittings

+ SH3409 Steel plate butt-welding  fittings

+ SY/T0609 Specification for high test wrought butt welding fittings (MSS SP 75,MOD)

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Typical Materials of Butt Welding Fittings

- The butt welding pipe fittings could be seamless or welded in body.The seamless butt welding fitting means there is no welding seam on the body of the fitting when manufacturing,it is usually produced from the seamless steel pipes.The welded butt welding pipe fitting means there is a welding seam on the body of the fitting when manufacturing,usually,it is produced from the welded pipes or formed steel plates.Commonly the butt welding pipe fittings nominal size more than 26 inchs are welded butt welding pipe fittings,and smaller butt welding fittings are seamless one.

- Carbon Steel (ASTM A234 Gr. WPB) : Carbon Steel for Intermediate Temperature : -30 deg. C to 430 deg. C  : Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service. (ASTM A234 Gr. WPB for Seamless, Gr. WPBW for Welded)

- ASTM A234 Gr. WP11,WP12, WP22 :430 deg. C to 630 deg. C : Alloy Steel for elevated temperature.

- Elevated Temperatures Stainless Steel : 630 deg. C to 815 deg. C : Materia Used is : A403 WP304H, 316H, 327H, 312.

- ASTM A403 Gr. WP304L-S for Seamles and WP304L-W for Welded.

- A815 UNS S31803 : Duplex Stainless Steel :

- Cryogenic Temperatures Stainless Steel : -100 deg. C to -250 deg. C : A403 Gr. 304, 304L, 316, 316L etc (ASTM A403 Gr. WP316L-S)

- Low Temperature Carbon Steel : -30 deg. C to -100 deg. C : ASTM A420 WPL6

- The materials of butt welding pipe fittings could be carbon steel,stainless steels or alloy steels,and other alloys like the nickel-base alloy,titanium alloy.In ASME/ANSI standard,carbon steel material butt welding pipe fitting is A234 WPB pipe fittings or  ASTM A860.

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Different Type of Butt Welding Fittings

• Butt Weld Long Radius 90 Degree Elbow

- Butt weld long radius 90 degree elbow is used for 90 degree turn on piping in butt weld piping system. Long radius elbows are preferred due to their low pressure drop. They can also be cut at lesser degree if required in piping layout. Their centerline radius is 1.5 times the nominal pipe diameter. 90-Degree elbows with a straight extension at one end (long tangent) are still available in STD weight if required.

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• Butt Weld Short Radius 90 Degree Elbow

- Butt weld short radius 90 degree elbows are used where space is limited. They are available only in 90 degrees but they can be cut to lesser degree if required as per piping layout. Centerline radius of short radius elbows is same as its nominal pipe diameter.

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• Butt Weld Long Radius 45 Degree Elbow

- Butt weld long radius 45 degree elbow is used for 45 degree turn on piping in butt weld piping system. Long radius elbows are preferred due to their low pressure drop. They can also be cut at lesser degree if required in piping layout. Their centerline radius is 1.5 times the nominal pipe diameter. Only long radius 45 degree elbows are available.

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• Butt Weld Long Radius Reducing Elbow

- Only long radius reducing elbows are available. They are sparingly used where there is a space constraint. Normally a straight elbow with butt weld reducer is used.

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• Butt Weld Long Radius 180 Degree Return

- 180 degree returns are used to construct heating coils, vents on tanks etc. Long radius returns provide minimum pressure drop.

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• Butt Weld Straight Crosses

- For economy, availability and to minimize the number of items in inventory, it is preferred to use tees etc. and not crosses except where space is restricted, as in marine piping or revamp work.

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• Butt Weld Reducing Crosses

- For economy, availability and to minimize the number of items in inventory, it is preferred to use tees etc. and not crosses except where space is restricted, as in marine piping or revamp work.

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• Butt Weld Straight Tee

- Butt weld straight tees are used for branch connection of same size that of header. These are one of the widely used butt welding fittings.

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• Butt Weld Reducing Tee

- Butt weld reducing tees are used for branch connection of of smaller size than that of header. These are one of the widely used butt welding fittings.

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• Butt Weld Concentric Reducer

- These are used preferably in vertical piping. Placing them in horizontal piping changes elevation of piping which can be detrimental. These are normally avoided to reduce inventory and eccentric reducers are used as much as possible.

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• Butt Weld Eccentric Reducers

- These are mostly used in place of concentric reducers as they keep bottom of pipe unchanged in horizontal piping. To reduce inventory, eccentric reducers are preferred in place of concentric reducers.

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• Butt Weld Caps

- These are used to close the pipe ends on pipe racks. Are also used at the bottom of condensate drip legs. Holes can be drilled on their head and drain connections can be added in case if drip legs.

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• Butt Weld Short Radius Returns

- 180 degree returns are used to construct heating coils, vents on tanks etc. Long radius returns provide minimum pressure drop.

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• Pipe Bends : 3D, 4D, 5D etc.

- Bends are made from straight pipe. Common bending radii are 3 and 5 times the pipe size (3R and 5R bends, where R=Nominal Pipe Size – nominal diameter – not radius). 3R bends are available from stock. Larger bends can be custom made, preferably by hot bending. Only seamless or electric-resistance-welded pipe is suitable for bending.

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• Lap Joint Stub End

- These are used when piping is made of a costly material such as stainless steel. Thick flange slips on this stub end. Flange can be made of a cheaper material like carbon steel.

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• Stub Ins

- Stub in is a term for a branch pipe welded directly into the side of the main pipe run – it is not a fitting. This is the commonest and least expensive method of welding a full-size or reducing branch for pipe 2-inch and larger. A stub-in can be reinforced.

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• Flat Closures

- Flat closures are normally cut from the plate stock by the fabricator or the erector.

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• Reducing Laterals

- Reducing laterals are ordered similarly to butt-welding tees, except that the angle between branch and run is also stated.

Butt Weld Lateral

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Dimensional Standards

- ASME B16.9 : Factory-Made Wrought Butt welding Fittings.

- MSS-SP-97 : Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings – Socket Welding, Threaded, and Butt welding Ends

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Advantages of Butt Weld Fittings

- They have smooth inner surface and offer gradual direction change with minimum turbulence.

- They require much less space for constructing and hanging the pipe system.

- Most practical way of reliable, leak-proof joints.

- They are almost maintenance free.

- They have a higher temperature and pressure limit.

- They form a self-contained system.

- They are easy to insulate.

- They offer uniform wall thickness throughout the system.

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Disadvantages of Butt Weld Fittings

- They are not easy to dismantle. It is often advisable to provide the system with enough flanged joints so that it can be broken down at intervals.

- Intruding weld metal may affect flow.

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